Database normalization is a key process in designing efficient and reliable databases. It involves structuring data to minimize redundancy, prevent anomalies, and enhance data integrity. By breaking large tables into smaller, related ones, normalization ensures consistency and simplifies database management.
๐ฝ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ข๐๐ก๐๐ฏ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ
1. ๐๐ฆ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ค๐ฆ๐ด ๐๐ฆ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฏ๐ค๐บ โ Eliminates duplicate data, reducing storage costs and preventing inconsistencies.
2. ๐๐ฏ๐ฉ๐ข๐ฏ๐ค๐ฆ๐ด ๐๐ข๐ต๐ข ๐๐ฏ๐ต๐ฆ๐จ๐ณ๐ช๐ต๐บ โ Prevents update, insertion, and deletion anomalies, ensuring data accuracy.
3. ๐๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ท๐ฆ๐ด ๐๐ถ๐ฆ๐ณ๐บ ๐๐ฆ๐ณ๐ง๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ข๐ฏ๐ค๐ฆ โ Well-structured databases enable faster and more efficient data retrieval.
4. ๐๐ช๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ญ๐ช๐ง๐ช๐ฆ๐ด ๐๐ข๐ช๐ฏ๐ต๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ข๐ฏ๐ค๐ฆ โ Data modifications in one table automatically reflect in related tables.
๐๐ค๐ง๐ข๐๐ก๐๐ฏ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ข๐จ
1. ๐๐ช๐ณ๐ด๐ต ๐๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ข๐ญ ๐๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ (1๐๐) โ Ensures atomicity by eliminating duplicate columns and ensuring each column contains unique values.
2. ๐๐ฆ๐ค๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ฅ ๐๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ข๐ญ ๐๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ (2๐๐) โ Removes partial dependencies, ensuring non-key attributes depend entirely on the primary key.
3. ๐๐ฉ๐ช๐ณ๐ฅ ๐๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ข๐ญ ๐๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ (3๐๐) โ Eliminates transitive dependencies, ensuring non-key attributes depend only on the primary key.
4. ๐๐ฐ๐บ๐ค๐ฆ-๐๐ฐ๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ข๐ญ ๐๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ (๐๐๐๐) โย Strengthens 3NF by resolving cases where candidate keys create anomalies.
While normalization optimizes data integrity, excessive normalization may lead to performance issues due to complex joins. Striking a balance between normalization and denormalization is key to designing an efficient database system.
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